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Wednesday, August 16, 2017

Spelling Rules of the Present Participle (V+ing)

There are some rules on how to add -ing to verbs called Present Participle and Gerund:
  1. Verbs which end in a silent -e, drop the -e and add -ing:
    1. come - coming
    2. fade - fading
    3. face - facing
    4. dance - dancing
    5. live - living
    6. compile - compiling
    7. ride - riding
    8. write - writing
    9. bake - baking
    10. hope - hoping
  2. Verbs which end in -e or -ee:
    1. be - being
    2. see - seeing
    3. age - ageing
    4. agree - agreeing
    5. flee - fleeing
  3.  Verbs ending with -ie:
    1. die - dying
    2. tie - tying
    3. lie - lying
    4. vie - vying
  4. Verbs ending with one vowel + one consonant (with the excepting of "W, X, Y), we double the last consonant and add -ing:
    1. cut - cutting
    2. shut - shutting
    3. dig - digging
    4. sit - sitting
    5. run - running
      Exception of "W, X, Y":
    6. stay - staying
    7. play - playing
    8. box - boxing
    9. fix - fixing
    10. draw - drawing
    11. bow - bowing
  5. For two syllable-word verbs, we double the last consonant only if the stress falls on the last syllable:
    1. admit - admitting
    2. refer - referring
    3. prefer - preferring
    4. begin - beginning 
    5. defer - deferring
    6. confer - conferring
  6. For two syllable-word verbs which were stressed on the first syllable, we only add -ing:
    1. offer - offering
    2. suffer - suffering
    3. whisper - whispering
    4. open - opening
    5. listen - listening
    6. visit - visiting
  7. Some verbs take the two forms of Rule 5 and Rule 6 above:
    1. travel - traveling / travelling
    2. marvel - marvel / marvelling

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