Types of Prepositions in English

Types of Prepositions in English

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in a sentence. Prepositions often indicate time, place, direction, manner, cause, possession, and purpose.

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1. Prepositions of Place (Where?)

These prepositions describe location or position.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• In (inside a place) → "She is in the room."
• On (on a surface) → "The book is on the table."
• At (specific point or location) → "He is at the door."
• Under (below something) → "The shoes are under the bed."
• Between (in the middle of two things) → "The school is between the park and the hospital."
• Behind (at the back of) → "The car is behind the house."
• Next to (beside) → "She sat next to me."

✅ Example Sentences:

• The keys are in the bag.
• The painting is on the wall.
• He is waiting at the bus stop.

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2. Prepositions of Time (When?)

These prepositions indicate time, duration, or frequency.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• In (months, years, centuries, long periods) → "I was born in July."
• On (days, specific dates) → "We have a meeting on Monday."
• At (specific time) → "The train arrives at 5 PM."
• Since (starting point of time) → "I have lived here since 2010."
• For (duration of time) → "We stayed for two hours."
• By (before a specific time) → "Finish the work by Friday."

✅ Example Sentences:

• The shop closes at 10 PM.
• We will travel in December.
• I have known her since childhood.

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3. Prepositions of Direction/Movement (Where to?)

These prepositions describe movement from one place to another.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• To (toward a destination) → "She is going to school."
• Into (entering something) → "He went into the house."
• Onto (moving towards a surface) → "The cat jumped onto the table."
• From (starting point) → "He traveled from London to Paris."

✅ Example Sentences:

• He walked to the store.
• The dog jumped onto the couch.
• We drove from New York to Los Angeles.

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4. Prepositions of Manner (How?)

These prepositions describe the way or manner in which something happens.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• By (means of doing something) → "She traveled by car."
• With (using a tool or instrument) → "He wrote the letter with a pen."
• Like (similar to) → "He runs like a professional athlete."

✅ Example Sentences:

• He fixed the problem with a screwdriver.
• She solved the puzzle by thinking carefully.

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5. Prepositions of Cause, Reason, and Purpose (Why?)

These prepositions explain why something happens.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• Because of → "The match was delayed because of the rain."
• Due to → "The flight was canceled due to bad weather."
• For → "This gift is for you."

✅ Example Sentences:

• The game was postponed due to heavy rain.
• She got an award for her hard work.

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6. Prepositions of Possession (Who Owns It?)

These prepositions show ownership or belonging.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• Of → "The door of the house is red."
• To → "This book belongs to John."
• With → "The house with a blue roof is mine."

✅ Example Sentences:

• The leg of the table is broken.
• The bag belongs to Sarah.

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7. Prepositions of Comparison or Contrast (How Different?)

These prepositions show comparison, contrast, or similarity.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• Like → "She sings like a star."
• Unlike → "Unlike her brother, she is very quiet."
• As → "She works as a teacher."

✅ Example Sentences:

• He runs like a cheetah.
• Unlike his father, he loves adventure.

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8. Prepositions of Agent (Who Did It?)

These prepositions indicate who or what performed an action.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• By (doer of an action) → "The book was written by J.K. Rowling."
• With (tool used) → "The cake was made with love."

✅ Example Sentences:

• The painting was created by a famous artist.
• The floor was cleaned with a mop.

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9. Prepositions of Measure, Standard, or Rate (How Much?)

These prepositions show quantity, rate, or proportion.

📌 Common Prepositions:

• Per → "Tickets cost $10 per person."
• By → "He was driving at 60 miles per hour."

✅ Example Sentences:

• The hotel room costs $100 per night.
• Apples are sold by the kilogram.

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10. Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition + object (noun/pronoun) and provides more details.

📌 Examples:

• In the morning
• On the table
• By the river

✅ Example Sentences:

• We will meet in the morning.
• The keys are on the table.

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Summary Table: Types of Prepositions

Type	Examples
Place	in, on, at, under, behind, between, next to
Time	in, on, at, since, for, by
Direction	to, into, onto, from
Manner	by, with, like
Cause/Reason	because of, due to, for
Possession	of, to, with
Comparison	like, unlike, as
Agent	by, with
Measure	per, by

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Here are some exercises to practice prepositions! 😊

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1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Preposition

Choose the correct preposition from the list below:
(in, on, at, by, with, for, under, between, to, from)

1. The book is ______ the table.
2. I will meet you ______ 10 AM.
3. She traveled ______ train to the city.
4. We went ______ a walk in the park.
5. The ball rolled ______ the table.
6. My birthday is ______ June.
7. He is sitting ______ me and my friend.
8. We have been friends ______ 10 years.
9. She jumped ______ the pool.
10. I got a letter ______ my grandmother yesterday.

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2. Choose the Correct Preposition

Select the correct preposition to complete the sentence.

1. The movie starts ______ 8 PM.
   a) in
   b) at
   c) on

2. I walked ______ the street and saw an old friend.
   a) in
   b) on
   c) by

3. The restaurant is located ______ the corner of the street.
   a) in
   b) at
   c) on

4. They are planning to meet ______ the park tomorrow.
   a) in
   b) at
   c) by

5. He is good ______ playing the guitar.
   a) at
   b) in
   c) with

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3. Match the Sentence with the Correct Prepositional Phrase

Match the sentence with its correct prepositional phrase.

1. The cat is sitting ______.
   a) on the table
   b) by the river
   c) under the tree

2. We walked ______ to get there.
   a) through the forest
   b) in the morning
   c) to the store

3. I placed the book ______.
   a) between the shelves
   b) at the airport
   c) on the desk

4. She waited ______.
   a) at the bus stop
   b) on the table
   c) with her friends

5. The keys are ______.
   a) on the floor
   b) under the bed
   c) in the box

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4. Correct the Mistakes

Each sentence below contains a mistake with the preposition. Correct the sentence.

1. I will meet you in 5 PM.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. He walked to the park by 10 minutes.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. The ball rolled off the table.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. We are going on a holiday in Friday.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

5. I am good at playing piano.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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Here are the answers to the preposition exercises! 😊

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1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Preposition

1. The book is on the table.
2. I will meet you at 10 AM.
3. She traveled by train to the city.
4. We went for a walk in the park.
5. The ball rolled under the table.
6. My birthday is in June.
7. He is sitting between me and my friend.
8. We have been friends for 10 years.
9. She jumped into the pool.
10. I got a letter from my grandmother yesterday.

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2. Choose the Correct Preposition

1. The movie starts b) at 8 PM.
2. I walked b) on the street and saw an old friend.
3. The restaurant is located b) at the corner of the street.
4. They are planning to meet b) at the park tomorrow.
5. He is good a) at playing the guitar.

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3. Match the Sentence with the Correct Prepositional Phrase

1. The cat is sitting a) on the table.
2. We walked c) to the store to get there.
3. I placed the book c) on the desk.
4. She waited a) at the bus stop.
5. The keys are b) under the bed.

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4. Correct the Mistakes

1. I will meet you at 5 PM.
2. He walked to the park in 10 minutes.
3. The ball rolled off the table.
4. We are going on holiday on Friday.
5. I am good at playing the piano.

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Nonreferential "It" and "There"

 1. What is Nonreferential "It" and "There"?

Nonreferential "it" and "there" are used in sentences where they do not refer to a specific noun. Instead, they serve grammatical functions, such as introducing a subject or emphasizing an idea.

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2. Nonreferential "It"

Nonreferential "it" is used when "it" does not replace or refer to a specific noun but rather introduces a sentence or describes general situations.

A. "It" for Time, Weather, Distance, and Conditions

We often use "it" to talk about:
✅ Time → "It's late."
✅ Weather → "It's raining."
✅ Distance → "It's a long way to the airport."
✅ Conditions → "It's dangerous to walk alone at night."

📌 Examples:

• It is 7 o’clock. (Time)
• It is very cold today. (Weather)
• It is five miles to the nearest town. (Distance)
• It is important to exercise regularly. (Condition)

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B. "It" as a Dummy Subject for Infinitives and Clauses

"It" can introduce a sentence when the real subject is an infinitive (to + verb) or a clause (starting with "that").

📌 Examples:

• It is hard to learn a new language.
  (Real subject = "to learn a new language")
• It is obvious that he made a mistake.
  (Real subject = "that he made a mistake")

📝 Note: The real subject comes later in the sentence.

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3. Nonreferential "There"

Nonreferential "there" is used as a dummy subject to introduce something that exists. It does not replace any specific noun.

A. "There" in Existential Sentences

Structure:
There + be (is/are/was/were) + Subject

📌 Examples:

• There is a book on the table.
• There are many people at the concert.
• There was a problem with the internet.

📝 Note: The real subject comes after the verb "be."

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B. "There" in Indefinite or Unknown Situations

We use "there" when introducing something for the first time or talking about an indefinite situation.

📌 Examples:

• There seems to be a misunderstanding.
• There will be a party next Saturday.
• There must be a reason for his behavior.

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4. Comparing "It" and "There"

Sentence Type	Example with "It"	Example with "There"
Time	It is 10 PM.	❌ Not used
Weather	It is snowing.	❌ Not used
Distance	It is 5 miles away.	❌ Not used
Conditions	It is important to study.	❌ Not used
Existence	❌ Not used	There is a problem.
Introduction	It is possible to leave early.	There might be a solution.

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5. Common Mistakes

🚫 Incorrect: Is raining outside.
✅ Correct: It is raining outside.

🚫 Incorrect: Is a problem with my laptop.
✅ Correct: There is a problem with my laptop.

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Here are some exercises on nonreferential "it" and "there" to help you practice! 😊

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1. Fill in the Blanks with "It" or "There"

Choose the correct word (it or there) to complete each sentence.

1. ______ is raining heavily today.
2. ______ are many people in the park.
3. ______ is important to eat healthy food.
4. ______ was a loud noise outside.
5. ______ is very hot in the summer.
6. ______ is a new restaurant near my house.
7. ______ seems to be a mistake in your report.
8. ______ takes a long time to learn a new language.

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2. Rewrite the Sentences Using "It" or "There"

1. A lot of traffic was on the road this morning.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
2. Learning a new skill is difficult.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
3. A strange sound was coming from the basement.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
4. To exercise daily is good for health.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
5. Many books were on the table.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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3. Correct the Mistakes

Each sentence below has a mistake. Rewrite the correct sentence.

1. Is cold outside today.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
2. There is raining right now.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
3. It are many cars in the parking lot.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
4. There is hard to wake up early in the morning.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________
5. It was a lot of people at the party.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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Here are the answers to the exercises on nonreferential "it" and "there":

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1. Fill in the Blanks with "It" or "There"

1. It is raining heavily today.
2. There are many people in the park.
3. It is important to eat healthy food.
4. There was a loud noise outside.
5. It is very hot in the summer.
6. There is a new restaurant near my house.
7. There seems to be a mistake in your report.
8. It takes a long time to learn a new language.

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2. Rewrite the Sentences Using "It" or "There"

1. There was a lot of traffic on the road this morning.
2. It is difficult to learn a new skill.
3. There was a strange sound coming from the basement.
4. It is good for your health to exercise daily.
5. There were many books on the table.

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3. Correct the Mistakes

1. It is cold outside today.
2. It is raining right now.
3. There are many cars in the parking lot.
4. It is hard to wake up early in the morning.
5. There were a lot of people at the party.

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Imperative Sentences

 1. What is an Imperative Sentence?

An imperative sentence is used to give commands, requests, advice, instructions, or warnings. It is typically addressed to someone directly and often begins with the base form of the verb.

📌 Example:

• Sit down, please. (Command)
• Close the door. (Request)
• Take care of yourself. (Advice)
• Don’t touch the hot pan! (Warning)

📝 Note:

• The subject "you" is implied but not stated.
• Imperative sentences usually end with a period (.) but can also end with an exclamation mark (!) for strong commands.

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2. Forms of Imperative Sentences

A. Affirmative Imperatives (Positive Commands)

These sentences instruct someone to do something.

📌 Structure:
Base Verb + Object (Optional)

📌 Examples:

• Turn off the lights.
• Bring me a glass of water.
• Study hard for your exams.

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B. Negative Imperatives (Prohibitions)

These sentences tell someone not to do something.

📌 Structure:
Don’t + Base Verb + Object (Optional)

📌 Examples:

• Don’t talk during the exam.
• Don’t touch that button!
• Do not leave the door open.

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C. Polite Imperatives (Requests)

To make an imperative sentence more polite, we can add "please" at the beginning or end.

📌 Examples:

• Please sit down.
• Pass me the salt, please.
• Could you help me with this, please? (More polite)

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D. Imperatives with "Let’s" (Suggestions)

We use "Let’s" to suggest something we (the speaker and listener) should do together.

📌 Structure:
Let’s + Base Verb + Object (Optional)

📌 Examples:

• Let’s go to the park.
• Let’s have lunch together.
• Let’s not argue about this.

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3. Uses of Imperative Sentences

A. Giving Orders or Commands

• Be quiet during the meeting.
• Stand up straight.

B. Making Requests

• Open the window, please.
• Pass me my phone.

C. Giving Advice or Suggestions

• Drink more water to stay healthy.
• Let’s take a break.

D. Giving Instructions

• Turn right at the next street.
• Mix the ingredients well.

E. Giving Warnings

• Watch out for the wet floor!
• Don’t touch that!

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4. Examples of Imperative Sentences in Different Contexts

At Home:

• Clean your room.
• Don’t forget to turn off the lights.

In the Classroom:

• Pay attention.
• Don’t use your phone during the lesson.

In Public Places:

• Stand in line, please.
• Do not litter in the park.

Giving Directions:

• Turn left at the next corner.
• Go straight ahead.

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Here are some Imperative Sentence Exercises to help you practice! 😊

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1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Imperative Verb

Complete the sentences using a suitable imperative verb from the list below:

(listen, open, turn, be, don’t touch, help, take, close)

1. ______ the book to page 25.
2. ______ the door when you leave.
3. ______ quiet during the exam.
4. ______ me with my homework, please.
5. ______ the lights off before you go to bed.
6. ______ the cake out of the oven.
7. ______ that hot pan! It's very dangerous.
8. ______ carefully to the teacher's instructions.

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2. Change the Sentences into Negative Imperative Form

Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.

1. Eat too much fast food.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. Touch the wet paint.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. Be late for school.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. Use your phone in class.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

5. Forget to bring your homework.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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3. Change the Sentences into Polite Imperatives

Make the following commands more polite by adding "please" or using a more polite structure.

1. Close the window.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. Give me your book.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. Take a seat.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. Speak slowly.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

5. Pass me the salt.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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4. Rewrite the Sentences Using "Let’s"

Rewrite the sentences using "Let’s" to make them suggestions.

1. Go to the park.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. Eat lunch at a new restaurant.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. Watch a movie tonight.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. Take a break from studying.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

5. Play a board game.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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Here are the answers to the exercises:

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1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Imperative Verb

1. Open the book to page 25.
2. Close the door when you leave.
3. Be quiet during the exam.
4. Help me with my homework, please.
5. Turn the lights off before you go to bed.
6. Take the cake out of the oven.
7. Don’t touch that hot pan! It's very dangerous.
8. Listen carefully to the teacher's instructions.

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2. Negative Imperative Form

1. Don’t eat too much fast food.
2. Don’t touch the wet paint.
3. Don’t be late for school.
4. Don’t use your phone in class.
5. Don’t forget to bring your homework.

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3. Polite Imperatives

1. Please close the window.
2. Could you give me your book, please?
3. Please take a seat.
4. Could you speak slowly, please?
5. Please pass me the salt.

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4. Rewrite with "Let’s"

1. Let’s go to the park.
2. Let’s eat lunch at a new restaurant.
3. Let’s watch a movie tonight.
4. Let’s take a break from studying.
5. Let’s play a board game.

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Grammar: Simple Past Tese

 1. Definition of Simple Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense is used to describe completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past. It is commonly used to tell stories, narrate events, and talk about past experiences.

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2. Forms of Simple Past Tense

A. Affirmative Form

Structure:
Subject + Verb (Past) + Object

• Regular verbs: Add "-ed" to the base form.
  • Example: walk → walked, play → played, call → called
• Irregular verbs: Change completely or remain the same.
  • Example: go → went, eat → ate, buy → bought

📌 Examples:

• She visited her grandmother last weekend.
• They watched a movie yesterday.
• I wrote a letter to my friend.

B. Negative Form

Structure:
Subject + did not (didn't) + Base Verb + Object

📌 Examples:

• She did not visit her grandmother last weekend.
• They did not watch a movie yesterday.
• I did not write a letter to my friend.

C. Interrogative Form

Structure:
Did + Subject + Base Verb + Object?

📌 Examples:

• Did she visit her grandmother last weekend?
• Did they watch a movie yesterday?
• Did you write a letter to your friend?

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3. Uses of Simple Past Tense

A. Completed Actions in the Past

📌 Example:

• I bought a new phone last week.
• They traveled to Japan last summer.

B. Past Habits or Repeated Actions

📌 Example:

• When I was a child, I played outside every day.
• She visited her grandparents every weekend.

C. Events That Happened in a Sequence (Narration)

📌 Example:

• She woke up, brushed her teeth, and left for work.
• He entered the room, sat on the chair, and started reading.

D. Past Facts or General Truths That Are No Longer True

📌 Example:

• Dinosaurs lived on Earth millions of years ago.
• People used typewriters before computers were invented.

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4. Time Expressions Used with Simple Past

• Yesterday → "I watched a movie yesterday."
• Last (week, month, year, night, summer, etc.) → "We traveled to France last year."
• Ago (2 days ago, 5 years ago, etc.) → "They moved here two years ago."
• In (a past year) → "He was born in 1990."
• When (for specific past events) → "I met him when I was in high school."

Here are some Simple Past Tense exercises to practice:

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1. Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the correct past tense form of the verb in parentheses.

1. We ______ (visit) our grandparents last summer.
2. She ______ (not go) to school yesterday.
3. They ______ (buy) a new car two days ago.
4. I ______ (see) a great movie last night.
5. He ______ (not study) for the test.
6. ______ you ______ (watch) the football match last night?
7. She ______ (write) a letter to her friend.
8. My parents ______ (be) very happy with my exam results.

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2. Change to Negative Form

Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form.

1. She visited her cousin last week.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. They played football in the park.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. He finished his homework early.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. We saw a beautiful sunset at the beach.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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3. Change to Interrogative Form

Rewrite the following sentences as questions.

1. She cooked dinner for her family.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. They traveled to Italy last summer.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. He watched a documentary on TV.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. I learned a new language.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

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4. Correct the Mistakes

Each sentence below has a mistake. Rewrite the correct sentence.

1. She goed to the market yesterday.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

2. They was happy with the results.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

3. I did not went to school last Monday.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

4. He buyed a new laptop last week.
   ➡ _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Here are the answers to the exercises:

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1. Fill in the Blanks (Correct Past Tense Form)

1. We visited our grandparents last summer.
2. She did not go to school yesterday.
3. They bought a new car two days ago.
4. I saw a great movie last night.
5. He did not study for the test.
6. Did you watch the football match last night?
7. She wrote a letter to her friend.
8. My parents were very happy with my exam results.

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2. Negative Form (Rewrite the Sentences)

1. She did not visit her cousin last week.
2. They did not play football in the park.
3. He did not finish his homework early.
4. We did not see a beautiful sunset at the beach.

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3. Interrogative Form (Rewrite as Questions)

1. Did she cook dinner for her family?
2. Did they travel to Italy last summer?
3. Did he watch a documentary on TV?
4. Did I learn a new language?

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4. Correct the Mistakes

1. She went to the market yesterday.
2. They were happy with the results.
3. I did not go to school last Monday.
4. He bought a new laptop last week.

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Hope this helps! Let me know if you need more exercises. 😊

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