Avoiding "VERY"

• very afraid = terrified
• very angry = furious
• very big = huge, immense 
• very bright = dazzling
• very capable = accomplished
• very clean = spotless
• very clever = brilliant
• very cold = freezing
• very dirty = squalid
• very eager = keen
• very good = superb
• very happy = jubilant
• very hot = scalding
• very loved = adored
• very old = ancient
• very poor = destitute
• very pretty = beautiful
• very risky = perilous
• very rude = vulgar
• very small =  tiny
• very stupid = idiotic 
• very thin = gaunt
• very tasty = delicious
• very worried = anxious

The Present Perfect Simple Tense

When there is a connection either action and/or result from the past to the present time, we use the Present Perfect Tense.

The present perfect simple is formed with "have/has + past participle".

 It is used for:

1. an action you did in the past but wish not to mention the specific time.

• Have you done your homework yet? ~ Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
• I have finished the project that you gave me. (Maybe you have forgotten when you finished it or maybe you do not want to tell when you finished it.)
• I have lost my phone. (You do not know the exact time you lost it)

In this case, it is used to talk about:

Experiences:

• I have been to Paris.
• I have never loved anyone.

Changes:

• You have changed a lot since we met last year.
• My English has improved since I moved to this school.
• The bus fee has gone up rapidly.

Accomplishments:

•  They have won a lot of games in the past few years.
• My daughter has learned how to sing.

Uncompleted actions you are supposed to have done (with "yet" in negative sentences):

• I haven't bought the milk yet.
• The teacher hasn't returned us the quiz result yet.

Repeated actions at different time:

• I have been to Paris four times this year.
• We have met a lot of famous people recently.

Used with "yet" to ask if someone has completed a task:

• Have you done the washing yet? ~ Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
• Has he watched that movie yet? ~ Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
• Has the teacher check the attendance yet? ~ Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.

An action which was completed earlier than expected. (with "already" in positive sentences):

• Can you go to the market and get some oil? ~ I have already bought some.
• Don't forget to water the flowers. ~ No worry. I have already asked Jane to do it.

2. We also use the present perfect simple tense to talk about continuation in the present (an action that happened in the past and continues until now with "for" (a period of time until now" and "since (from a specific time in the past until now")

• I have learned English for 3 years.
• She has worked as a waitress for 6 weeks and now she's tired of it.
• They have stayed in that village since October.

Spelling of Third Person Singular

Note below on how to add suffixes to the third person singular:

1. We add -s to most verbs:

• talk - talks
• sing - sings
• leave - leaves
• swim - swims
• ring - rings

2. With verbs ending in -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -o, -x, and -z we add -es to the verb.

• teach - teaches
• box - boxes
• fix - fixes
• kiss - kisses
• wish - wishes
• go - goes
• do - does

3. With verbs ending in "consonant + y", we change the -y to -i and add -es.

• cry - cries
• carry - carries
• deny - denies
• fly - flies
• hurry - hurries
• reply - replies
• study - studies
• worry - worries

But we do not follow the above rule if the form is "vowel + y":

• stay - stays
• play - plays
• betray - betrays
• decay - decays

Regular and Irregular Verbs : Spelling of Regular Verbs

There are two types of past simple verb form - regular verbs and irregular verbs.

1. Regular Verbs end in -ed with various spellings depending on the individual verb.
1. We add -ed to most verbs to form the regular verb form.
1. need - needed
2. watch - watched
3. kiss - kissed
4. rest - rested
5. look - looked
6. cook - cooked
7. fetch - fetched
8. point - pointed
9. form - formed
10. sponsor - sponsored
2. But, if the verb contains -e, just add -d.
1. chase - chased
2. base - based
3. bake - baked
4. blame - blamed
5. care - cared
6. race - raced
7. waste - wasted
8. note - noted 
9. hope - hoped
10. slice - sliced
3. For verbs ending in a form of [consonant + y], we replace the "y" with "i", then add -ed.
1. study - studied
2. hurry - hurried
3. vary - varied
4. apply - applied
5. carry - carried
6. query - queried
7. marry - married
8. dry - dried
9. cry - cried
10. pry - pried
11. try - tried
12. copy - copied
13. deny - denied
14. tidy - tidied
15. excite - excited
4. But, if the verb ends in [vowel + y], we don't replace the "y", instead, just add -ed
1. play - played
2. stay - stayed
3. fray - frayed
4. enjoy - enjoyed
5. obey - obeyed
6. annoy - annoyed
7. deploy - deployed
8. employ - employed
9. destroy - destroyed 
10. stray - strayed
5. If the verb ends in [consonant + one vowel + one consonant], we double the last consonant, then add -ed.
1. stop - stopped
2. mop - mopped
3. ban - banned
4. trap - trapped
5. sip - sipped
6. swap - swapped
7. whip - whipped
8. pin - pinned
9. slip - slipped 
10. hop - hopped
6. We also double the last consonant for some two-syllable verbs when the stress is on the last syllable.
1. refer - referred
2. prefer - preferred
3. compel - compelled
4. confer - conferred
2. Irregular verbs have various forms. There are no rules on the spelling of irregular verbs. Learners have to memorize the irregular past forms by themselves. You can find the past form of irregular verbs in the dictionary or at the end of your English course book
1. cut - cut
2. shut - shut
3. go - went
4. be - was/were
5. come - came
6. catch - caught 
7. swim - swam
8. write - wrote
9. sing - sang
10. draw - drew